AI Act, mandatory AI literacy from 2 August 2026

From 2 August 2026, Article 4 of the AI Act introduces an AI literacy obligation for anyone who develops or uses AI systems in a professional context. This is not a recommendation but a legal duty, with penalties of up to 7 per cent of turnover.

In this first article of the Retoria observatory we explain what it concretely means for a school and for an SME, and which steps are worth starting now.